Relative to PEG-free preparations, vesicles containing DPPE-PEG (1) formed larger contact zones, (2) underwent adhesion and fusion processes more slowly (by two to four times) and (3) at high charge density were less susceptible to rupture upon contact. Data collection focused on effects of PEG on vesicle interactions as a function of the surface charge density. A microscope-mounted electrophoresis chamber allowed selected pairs of vesicles to be brought into contact while color images were collected at video rates (30 frames/s). Negatively charged vesicles were composed of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), DOPC and a rhodamine B dye (Rh-PE), with as well as without DPPE-PEG (MW 2,000). Positively charged vesicles were composed of O-ethyldioleoylphosphocholine (EDOPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and a carbocyanine dye (DiO), with and without DPPE-PEG (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-N-PEG MW of To further understand such interactions, vesicles were surface-modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a moiety that reduces surface–surface interactions. ![]() ![]() ![]() Oppositely charged giant vesicles are known to adhere, hemifuse and fuse, all of which depend upon the nature of surface contacts.
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